Английский язык для экономистов - Малюга Е.Н.
ISBN 5-469-00341-8
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H.3. Render the Russian article.
L Speak up
I.l. Interview.
Use these questions as a guide to interview your partner. Add questions of your own.
1. Why do developing countries need a new multilateral round?
2. What is the interest of LDCs (least-developed countries) in the WTO?
3. What can companies and civil society do to show to the entire world that trade and sustainable development are not necessarily at odds?
4. If inflation is higher in Russia than in countries with which Russia trades, what will likely happen to Russia's exports and imports? Why?
5. Why did China have the difficulty to enter the WTO?
1.2. Case study.
Read the article and do the exercises.
US Launches GMMrade War
Steve Schiff eres, "BBC News"
Trade Wars
Under WTO rules, the two parties have 60 days to consult before a trade disputes panel is set up.
* GM — genetically modified. Unit 14. International Trade
261
Ultimately, if the panel rules against the EU, it could impose trade sanctions, giving the US the right to impose retaliatory tariffs on EU goods.
Mr. Zoellick told BBC News Online that the US would be seeking "several hundred million dollars" in damages, but that the importance of the case w7ent far beyond the immediate damage to US agriculture.
Developing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America were cutting back on research and production of GM-crops, because they were afraid they could not export them to Europe, he said, hurting poor farmers worldwide.
And to support his point, scientists and fanners from developing countries joined the press conference to argue for the economic benefits of GM-crops.
Mr. Zoellick denied that the US decision to bring the case had anything to do with the WTO's recent approval of $ 4 bn in E U retaliatory sanctions against the US in another case, involving tax breaks for foreign subsidies of US companies.
However, he appeared to concede that the US had delayed bringing the case in the run-up to the Iraq war, when it was trying to gain EU support for a fresh UN resolution.
World Trade Talks
The US move could also increase the difficulties of reaching a deal on agriculture in the Doha round of global trade talks. Those talks appear stalled ahead of a summit in Cancun, Mexico, in the autumn.
The US and the EU are at loggerheads over how to reform agricultural subsidies to benefit developing countries.
Many of the countries joining in the US action are part of the Cairns group of agricultural exporting nations which has been lobbying the WTO to open agricultural markets. A number of them are now seeking separate free trade agreements with the United States.
Washington has brought a complaint against the European Union for refusing to allow the sale of genetically modified (GM) food or crops, escalating trade tensions between the world's two biggest economic blocs. The United States — and twelve other agricultural exporting nations — want the EU to repeal its five-year moratorium on GM-foods, or face trade sanctions under World Trade Organisation (WTO) rules.
US Trade Representative Robert Zoellick said that the US had run out of patience after years of EU procrastination on the issue. uThe EU's persistent resistance to abiding by its WTO obligations has perpetuated a trade barrier unwarranted by the EC's own scientific analysis, which impedes 262
Английский ЯЗЫК ДЛЯ экономистов
the global use of a technology that could be of great benefit to farmers and consumers around the world," — he said.
The ElJ is unlikely to lift the block on GM-food imports, which is widely supported by European consumers, and is also developing tough new labelling regulations which worry US farmers.
EU trade commissioner Pascal Lamy questioned the motives behind the US case, and denied there was a "moratorium" on GM-foods. uThe EU regulatory system for GM authorisation is in line with VVTO rules: it is clear, transparent and non-discriminatory. There is therefore no issue that the WTO needs to examine," — he said.
And EU consumer and green lobby groups vowed to oppose the US decision. uIfthis attempt succeeds, the US will force GM foods onto European markets regardless of the wishes of consumers," — said Friends of the Earth Policy Director Liana Stupples.
1.3. Sum up the arguments for and against imposing trade sanctions.
1.4. Make up the speeches of: a) US Trade Representative Robert Zoellick; b) EU trade commissioner Pascal Lamy.
1.5. Work in two groups. Group A — representatives of developing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America — carries on talks with group B — team of US Trade Representative Robert Zoellick. Discuss the problems of research and production of GM crops. Appendix A Tests
Unit 1. Labour Relations
A. Read the article from the CNN Money website and complete the extract with the expressions listed.
called for officials walkout broke off arbitration affects distributed stoppage deal average
