Английский язык для экономистов - Малюга Е.Н.
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Английский ЯЗЫК ДЛЯ экономистов
6) HM Customs and Excise controls bonded warehouses, e. g., it checks that tax has been paid on goods, which leave the warehouse;
7) if goods are taken out of the warehouse before the tax has been paid the owner of the warehouse has to pay a large fine to HM Customs and Excise.
HM Customs and Excise
The Customs and Excise carry out a number of tasks in foreign trade. It checks ships, aircraft and vehicles to make sure that goods are not smuggled into the country. Taxes are collected on imports which gives the Government money to spend, and statistics (figures) are obtained which allows the balance of payments to be calculated. It controls bonded warehouses.
Controls on Exports and Imports
Governments can make it more difficult for firms to export and import by using controls. Import duties (or tariffs) are taxes placed on imports to make them more expensive. Quotas can be imposed. Ifthe UK government sets a quota of 10,000 Japanese cars per year then no more than 10,000 Japanese cars could be imported into the UK in that year. An embargo is a complete ban placed on certain goods, e. g., during wartime an embargo would be placed on trade with enemy countries. The UK Government may give subsidies (money) to firms in this country to help sell their goods more cheaply abroad. The firms would then be able to compete more easily with foreign firms.
Governments use such controls for several reasons. A tax on imports raises money and gives a government money to spend. Controls on imports help the balance of payments. If a government can reduce the value of imports then a deficit on the balance of payments may be turned into a surplus. If fewer imports are bought there is more chance of home-produced goods being sold and workers will be needed to make these goods; this gives a boost to employment.
^ D, Vocabulary
D.I. Read and learn new words.
surplus (n) — an amount of something that is more than what is wanted, needed or used
visibles (n) — imports and exports of goods
balance (n) — accounting the difference between the total amounts of money coming into and going out of an account in a particular period of time Unit 14. International Trade
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insurance (n) — an arrangement in which a company collects premiums from a person or organization and in return agrees to pay them a sum of money if they are involved in an accident, have something stolen, or cause harm or injury to others
clearing bank — a bank which is a member of the clearing-house (an institution where claims by various banks against each other are offset; this greatly reduces the need for transfers of funds between banks)
consumption (n) — the amount of goods and services used in a particular period of time
bonded warehouse — also Customs warehouse; a warehouse in which imported goods are stored until taxes on them have been paid tax (n) — an amount of money that you must pay to the government on your income, property, goods, etc. that is used to pay for public services
fine (n) — money that someone has to pay as a punishment captive warehouse — wholesaling company stock, servicing only their own firms
D.2. Fill in the prepositions.
1. International specialization pays countries to concentrate ... the production of particular goods and services.
2. The United Kingdom buys ... other countries ... several reasons.
3. The incomes of workers result... a higher standard of living.
4. The balance of payments ... current account... a country.
5. Exporters sell goods ... credit.
6. Some banks can help ... the exchange of foreign currency and ... receiving money ... and paying money ... other countries.
7. Tax can be paid ... goods, which leave the warehouse.
8. A deficit... the balance of payment may be turned ... surplus.
9. An American firm receives interest... a UK bank.
10. The invisible balance is usually ... surplus.
11. Some countries specialize ... the production of goods.
D.3. Give corresponding words to the following definitions.
1. Due to it countries concentrate on the production of particular goods and services.
2. It is the production of more goods and services than a country needs for its consumption.
3. It is the buying and selling of goods between countries. 248
Английский ЯЗЫК ДЛЯ экономистов
4. They are national organizations of firms providing similar goods and services.
5. These establishments can help with the exchange of foreign currency and with receiving and paying money.
6. These organizations can give information to exporters.
7. They can be owned by importers, different companies, etc.
8. They check different vehicles to make sure that goods are not smuggled into the country.
9. It is a complete ban placed on certain goods.
10. They are taxes placed on imports to make them more expensive.
11. The aim of this organization is that taxes should not be placed on goods moving between some countries.
