Английский язык для экономистов - Малюга Е.Н.
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a) inefficient; b) inept; c) ineffectual.
¦ One's purpose, a position or object one wishes to reach or obtain: a) aim; b) target; c) goal.
¦ Spending or using up something:
a) expenditure; b) spending; c) outlay.
¦ Anything that brings advantage, help, profit:
a) gain; b) benefit; c) interest. Unit 9. The Role of Government
159
¦ To enter into or take part in a matter which does not concern one, and in which one is not wanted:
a) interfere; b) intrude; c) interpose.
D.4. Insert the following words into the gaps below.
revenues persuade suffer deficit
subsidies approve
Mexico's economy ... from structural weakness, which Mr. Fox has so far been unable or unwilling to address. One challenge concerns the public finances. The central-government budget... is 0.65 % of GDP. Mr. Fox has begun to offer ... to special interests, such as farmers and the textile industry. Although the government... the opposition-controlled Congress to ... some tax increases last year, it remained dangerously dependant on volatile ....
E. Make a summary of the text
Use the active vocabulary.
^ R Grammar notes
Mixed Conditionals
All types of conditionals can be mixed. Any tense combination is possible if the context permits it.
Conditional clause (if-clause) Main clause
'if' + Past Simple or Past Continuous 'will' + bare Infinitive
If I had enough money, I would (I'd) retire.
'if + Past simple 'would' + Perfect Infinitive
IfI were you, I wouldn't have been so assertive yesterday.
'if' + Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous 'would' + bare Infinitive
If she had been told about the meeting, she would be at it.
Wish Clauses. We use 4Wish' with Past Tense forms (Simple and Continuous) to express regret about present situation. E.g.: / wish I knew the problem better (= but I don't). After iI wish' we can use 'were' instead of 4vas' in all persons. E. g.: / wish I were more help. 160
Английский ЯЗЫК ДЛЯ экономистов
We can use 'wish' with 'could' to express a wish for a present situation to be different.
E. g.: / wish / could use computer well.
We use 'wish' with 'would' to say how we would like somebody to behave in the future as well as in situations that do not involve people,
E. g.: / wish you would stop finding faults with me.
/wish the environment in the company would be friendlier.
We use 'wish' with the Past Perfect when we have regards about the past.
E. g.: / wish / hadn't taken her advice (= but I did).
We can use 'if only' instead of 'I wish', but it is more dramatic.
E. g.: If only / were not sacked.
Ifonly / had known he was my boss, / would have never joked that way.
F.l. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
1. These are miserable times for managers, everything is being cut — jobs, budget, investment plans. Ifonly there (be) somewhere else to go.
2. If only Europeans (be) sidelined, the new agenda would be led and defined by America, and Europe would have little say in how future threats would be faced.
3. If the campaign to oust Saddam (mean) invading Iraq, months would be needed to prepare.
4. I wish the Europeans (be not brought) in, otherwise they would slow everything down and the opportunity would pass.
5. If Barcelona summit (fail) to give liberalization a boost, the outside world would have stopped listening to the high-sounding promises two years ago.
6. I wish projected fiscal deficit (look) optimistic.
7. Ifthe GDP revision (hold), America would not have had a recession in the technical sense of two declining quarters of output.
8. Everyone wishes the foreign-owned manufacturers (can) thrive despite all the annoyance of life.
9. Unless spending in the 23 provinces (can) be brought under control, the IMF believes the renewing aid to Argentina will prove useless.
F.2. Imagine what would happen in the following situations.
1. If the government of your country lowed interest rates ...
2. I wish the rouble was the strongest currency. Ifit...
3. If inflation was high... Unit 9. The Role of Government
161
4. Ifonly the sale of alcohol was banned in Russia ...
5. Ifthe Central Bank collapsed in the country ...
F.3. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate conditional clause.
1. If a country is export-oriented,...
2. Ifdebts continued to grow in real terms through recession, it...
3. I wish Russia had entered the WTO two years ago. Then ...
4. Ifonly America had enough own oil resources,...
5. I wish consumer prices never rose. Then ...
G* Reading the English newspaper
G.l. Read the article and do the exercises.
Carving Up the Scraps of Power
uTheEconomist"
For months Argentina's president and his finance officials promised that an IMF deal was imminent. Recently it seemed that this might even be true. But it has become clear that for every obstacle the government painstakingly surmounts.
The government is still going through the motions of trying to reach an agreement with the IMF which would at least roll over Argentina's obligations to the fund itself. The economy minister wrote his own draft plan of intent (though such documents are normally negotiated), but the IMF dashed his hopes. The Funds spokesman said that the two sides were not talking about any kind of final timetable for a deal.
