Практический курс английского языка - Камянова Т.
ISBN 5-85550-177-9
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2. Present Perfect может употребляться также, если время действия (в отличие от времени действия в Past Simple) не закончилось к данному моменту в настоящем:
Present Perfect Past Simple
' I haven't been to the theatre this year. I wasn't at the theatre last year.
I haventseen him mis morning. (It is still morning) і didn't see him this morning. (It is afternoon)
b) Образование Participle Il (причастие II):
1. Причастие Il правильных глаголов"совпадает с формой Past Simple:
e.g. to work - worked - worked to play - played - played to carry - carried - can-led
2. Причастие Jl неправильных глаголов имеет особые формы, которые следует запомнить (см. Appendix 1, стр.362-363): to give - gave - given to send - sent - sent to go - went - gone to be - was - been to .take - took - taken to spend - spent - spent to put - put - put to know - knew - known to come - came - come to sleep - slept - slept to hurt - hurt - hurt to get - got - got
to say - said - said to write • wrote - written to fall - fell - fallen to drive - drove - driven toinake - made-made to have - had - had to speak - spoke - spoken to pay - paid - paid to meet - met - met to eat - ate - eaten to buy - bought - bought to tett - told - told to-read - read - read to see - saw - seen to bring - brought - brought to leave - left - left to find - found - found to think - thought - though
c) Сложные неопределенные и сложные отрицательные местоимения, а также сложные наречия образуются соответственно от местоимений some, any, no, every:
to break - broke - broken to hear - heard -heard
somebody - кто-то anybody
someone - кто-то anyone -
something - что-то anything .
somewhere - где-то, куда-то anywhere
кто-нибудь, кто-либо кто-нибудь, хто-либо что-нибудь; все, что угодно - где-нибудь, куда-нибудь; где / куда угодно
nobody - никто, Никого everybody - все, каждый
по one - Никто, никого everyone - все, каждый
nothing • ничто, ничего everything - всё
nowhere - нигде, никуда , everywhere - всюду, везде
Сложные местоимения и наречия употребляются по тем же правилам, что и неопределенные местоимения some и any и неопределенное местоимение по (см. U.8b); Утвердительные предложения: My brother has broken something in the kitchen. Вопросительные предложения: Has your brother broken anything in the kitchen? Отрицательная форма: My brother hasn't broken anything. / My brother has broken homing. Все сложные местоимения в функции подлежащего употребляются в 3 лице единств, числа: e.g. Everybody is here. - Все здесь. Nobody knows this man. - Никто не знает этого человека.
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THE LEGEND OF THE KING AND THE OLD POET
(after WM Thackeray)
There was once a king in the east whose name was Poof-Allee. The king was proud of his rich country and his army, of his beautiful palace and of his beautiful wives. And he was also proud of his talent for poetry, which was really unusual. You shouldn't think that the king's talent was for writing poetry - he couldn't write a word. His talent was for remembering poetry. King Poof - Allee had an unusual memory and he could repeat any poem by heart immediately after listening to it once. But he wanted people to think mat he was the author of the poems.
King Poof-Allee often invited poets to his palace to read their new poems to htm. But he always said: «What! Do you say that it is a new poem? I have known it for years!» Sometimes he said: «I am the author of this poem. I wrote it ten years ago!» Then he repeated the poem word for word and shouted: «You see! This so-called poet doesn't respect the King! He has lied to me, and must pay a big fine or go to prison!» So poor poets had to pay a lot of money. If not, king Poof - Allee threw them into prison. You can very well understand that after some time poets were afraid to visit the king. They went away to the mountains, and the life in the palace became grey and uninteresting.
Now you should know that the king had two very talented people at the palace who were always there when the poets were reading their poems. The first was one of his wives, a tall beautiful girl. Her name was RoIy-PoIy1 she had a wonderful memory and she could repeat eny poem after listening to it twice. The second was the king's favourite soldier Crem-Cram. He could repeat poems after listening to them three times. But the talent of these two people was a secret and only the king knew about it. One day when the king was feeling very unhappy an idea came to his mind. He said to the captain of his soldiers: «Go to the central square and shout: «King Poof-Allee believes that there are no original poems in the world. However, he invites ell the poets who think that they have written new works, to come to the palace and read their poems, if the poem is really new, the king will pay the poet the weight of the poem in gold. But if the poem is not original, the so-called poet will pay e fine or go to prison.»
