Базовый курс английского языка - Эккерсли К.Э.
ISBN 5-7871-0174-X
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2. What was the greatest mistake Anna ever made?
3. What sort of a man was Henri Behr?
4. Why did Lucille's family stop visiting Anna?
5. What two things were different when Lucille visited Anna's home again?
6. How did Anna make Henri work after he was dead?
6. Дайте слова или словосочетания со сходным значением: delighted, regretted, a dozen, rage, occupied, joy, continue, I'll see
to it, suddenly, a pause, a chat
Сочинение
1. Напишите о женитьбе Анны и Анри.
2. Напишите письмо своему другу, которому нужна кухарка, расскажите ему об Анне и рекомендуйте ее.
ЦР0К17
"Rules of Grammar" Again
JAN: You spoke to us in one lesson about "rules of grammar". Well, I was looking at a grammar book (not one of yours) and on one page it gave some teaching about the use of whom. I don't think you have said anything to us about this, but some of the sentences it gave, and especially a rule that it added, seemed rather strange to me. It said, for example:
"A common mistake that students make is to say:
Who do you want to see ?
Who is he speaking to ?
Who did you play with ?
These should be:
Whom do you want to see ?
Whom is he speaking to ?
Whom did you play with ?
or, better still for the second and third ones:
To whom is he speaking?
With whom did you play?
These forms are better because a preposition is generally placed immediately before the noun or pronoun that it governs, and you ought not to end a sentence with a preposition."
What is your opinion, sir?
MR. PRIESTLEY: Let us take the point about whom first. The relative pronoun and the interrogative pronoun who has three forms: who (nominative), whom (objective), whose (possessive). Here are examples of each:
RELATIVE PRONOUN
That is the man who spoke to me.
That is the man whom I spoke to.
375 ¦
or That is the man to whom I spoke.
That is the man whom I saw.
That is the man whose house was burnt down.
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN
Who is speaking now?
Whom do you want to see?
Whom are you looking at?
Whose is this book, yours or mine?
Now in writing, and perhaps in formal speaking, we use whom when the relative pronoun or the interrogative pronoun is in the objectiye case. But in conversation, especially in informal colloquial1 speech, most people would use the interrogative pronoun who instead of whom. They would say, for example:
Who do you want to see?
Who did you speak to?
Who are you looking at?
If the relative pronoun is in the objective case and if it is a defining relative, it is usually omitted in colloquial speech, e.g.
That's the man I spoke to.
That's the man I saw.
* * *
Now let us come to the second point, the "rule":
"Never end a sentence with a preposition."
That is just nonsense. Practically every great writer and every speaker of English has broken that rule; in fact there are some prepositions2 which are used in phrases that can only be put at the end of the sentence. They are usually prepositions that are closely associated with verbs. For example:
It was worth waiting for. It's not a thing to laugh about. When I went swimming, I handed him my watch to take care of. Bread is a thing we can't do without.
1 Don't mistake colloquial speech for slang. Colloquial speech is the kind of speech that educated English people would use in natural, informal talk.
2 Many of these prepositions have an adverbial force
¦376
HOB: Sir, I know a story about ending sentences with prepositions.
MR. PRIESTLEY: Hob, there seems to be nothing you don't know stories about. (And there's another end preposition!) But let us have it by all means.
HOB: It's about Sir Winston Churchill when he was Prime Minister of England. He had written out an important speech that he was going to give, and he handed it to one of his secretaries to type. When he got back he found that the secretary had gone through the speech and changed all the sentences that ended with a preposition. Sir Winston marked all these alterations in red ink and wrote underneath:
"This is the sort of English up with which I will not put."
MR. PRIESTLEY: Very good, Hob. But there is a story about the funny effect you get if you get too many end prepositions.
HOB: Oh, sir, tell us the story.
MR. PRIESTLEY: Well, it's about a very small boy who couldn't read. He asked his mother to read to him, so she went to get a book; but it was not the one he wanted, and as soon as he saw it he said: "Oh, Mummy, what did you bring me that book to be read to out of for!"
PEDRO: Are there any occasions when you mustn't have the "end preposition"?
MR. PRIESTLEY: Yes, there are. Here is one:
"The unwillingness with which Hob comes to a grammar lesson, and the speed with which he goes away from it, have always amused me." You couldn't say "The unwillingness he comes to a grammar lesson with" and "the speed he goes away from it with."1 And now to end this lesson I want to tell you about a conversation that I took part in (or "in which I took part"). It was with Professor Grey. He's a Professor of Ancient Languages. He knows so much about ancient languages that I think he always lives in the past. He also has some very fixed ideas about English. My new book on "Colloquial English" had just been published, and I happened to meet him on the station when we were both going in to London.
