Базовый курс английского языка - Эккерсли К.Э.
ISBN 5-7871-0174-X
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OLAF:_______
HOB: Yes, I can hear him, too. Oh, dear, I don't think he'll be very pleased.
9. Сочинение
Напишите рассказ (около 200 слов) на одну из следующих тем:
1. Oxford.
2. A character study of a friend.
3. Which do you prefer, the cinema or the theatre?
10. Внимательно прочитайте следующий отрывок, а затем ответьте на вопросы:
As he crept up this rise in the ground, he knew that he could not go much further. His body was weak, but worse than that, his will to keep going, his will to live, had almost died away. It seemed now to Alan like a horrible dream in which he was a helpless actor. Three days without food or water had almost broken his spirit. He dragged himself slowly across the burning sand to the top of the hill and with tired eyes looked beyond.
At first he saw nothing but the sight he had seen for days. Then, away to his right, his eyes fixed on a dull spot of green. Trees. That meant water. That meant life. With a great effort he rose to his feet and with unsteady but determined steps he moved on.
(1) Give another word or phrase with similar meaning to that in which these words and phrases are used in the passage: (a) crept, (b) almost, (c) for days, (d) unsteady, (e) determined.
(2) Why did Alan's journey seem to him like a dream ?
(3) In what sort of country was Alan travelling?
(4) What brought back to him "his will to live "?
(5) Suggest in about eighty words what might have happened before this extract, explaining why Alan was in such a difficult situation.
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QPOK 25
The Special Verbs (5): Have
MR. PRIESTLEY: I told you in an earlier talk that some of the "special" verbs are sometimes conjugated with do. One of these is have, and students (even really advanced ones) often find difficulties here. Do we say "Has he?" or "Does he have?", "She hadn't" or "She didn't have"? What do you think?
OLAF: I think I have heard both forms, but I'm not sure when I must use the one and when I must use the other.
MR. PRIESTLEY: You are quite right, both forms are used. Look at these sentences:
Has' you sister brown eyes or blue eyes?
Has Switzerland a good climate?
This room hasn't enough windows in it.
I haven't a lot of time to spare.
HOB: As I say: "I haven't much money, but I do see life."
MR. PRIESTLEY: Quite so. Those interrogatives were formed by inversion, and the negative simply by adding not ('n't). But look at these sentences with have. These, too, are all correct:
" Did you have a letter from home this morning?"
"I didn't have much breakfast this morning."
"What, time did you have it?" "The usual time, we don't usually have it until about nine o'clock."
"Didyou have tea or coffee?"
"I don't have much difficulty with English Grammar."
" Did you have a good time at ihe dance last night?"
PEDRO: I think that in the first group of sentences-the ones that made their interrogative by inversion-the meaning of have was, roughly, possess. But in the second group of sentences, the ones that are conjugated with do, the word have does not mean possess.
' Very often in conversation we use got also; e. g. "Has your sistergorblue eyes?", "This room
hasn't got enough windows", etc.
427¦
"I haven't much money" means "I don't possess much money", but "I didn't have much breakfast" means "I didn't eat much breakfast."
JAN: Oh yes. "Did you have coffee or tea?" means "Did you drink coffee or tea?"
FRIEDA: And "I didn't have a letter from home" means "I didn't get (or receive) a letter".
OLAF: And "I don't have much difficulty with grammar" means "I don't experience much difficulty".
LUCILLE And "I didn't have a good time at the dance" means "I didn't experience (or enjoy) a good time". (Though, as a matter of fact, I did have a good time last night.)
HOB: All I know is that I have a headache with all this grammar and I hadn't a headache when I came here.
FRIEDA: Do you often have a headache when you have to discuss grammar?
HOB: Yes, I do!
JAN: Just a moment. Your rule doesn't seem to apply here, Pedro. Hob said, "I have a headache ... I hadn't a headache"-that's the negative without do.
PEDRO: Quite correct because have there means possess.
JAN: Yes, but Frieda said, "Do you often have a headache?" which means, roughly, "Do you often possess a headache?" She was using do with have even though have meant possess.
MR. PRIESTLEY: And Frieda's sentence was quite correct. Pedro's rule covers some cases but there are one or two other points to be considered.
1. When the "possession" is a permanent thing; as, for example, in the case of your sister's brown eyes, we don't use do with have.
2. When we are speaking of something that is regular or habitual-like Hob's headache over grammar-we use do with have. So " Do you often have headaches?", i.e. are they regular and habitual, is correct.
3. We do not use do when we are speaking of one particular occasion. You can compare:
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Do you often have headaches? (habitual)
Have you a headache now? (particular occasion)1
