Геоэкология - Голубев Г.Н.
ISBN 5-89118-059-6
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777.3.7. The growth of consumption...................66
III. 3.2. Natural resources........................67
III. 3.3. Differences in the levels of consumption............71
/77.4. Geoecological role of the technological progress..........72
111.5. Geoecological issues of the international debt and "free trade"... 75
777.6. Categories of the capital and the wealth of nations.........76
/77.7. Growth and development. The needfor the change of strategy ... 79
Part II. Global Change...........................82
IV. Global change and mankind's strategies...............82
IV. 1. The period of transition........................82
IV. 2. Carrying capacity of a territory...................85
IV.3. Elements of strategy for mankind's survival.............91
IV.4. A notion of sustainable development.................93
IV. 5. Indicators of geoecological state and sustainable development . . . 101 IV.6. A notion of ecological economics................... 105
IV. 7. On state of the environment control at a local level.........114
Part III. The Earth's geospheres and man's activity.........118
V. Atmosphere: Man's impact on the atmosphere and climate.....118
V. 1. The main features of atmosphere and climate of the Earth......118
V. 2. Man-made climate change and its consequences...........121
V.2.1. The green-house effect......................121
V.2.2. The green-house gases......... .............124
V.2.3. An impact of the tropospheric aerosols on the green-house
effect..................................128
V.2.4. Hydrometeorological consequences of the man-made greenhouse effect...............................129
V.2.5. Natural and socio-economic consequences of the climate
change.................................132
V.2.6. Strategies related to the climate change problem........136
V.3. Degradation of the ozone layer....................137
V.4. Acidification of the ecosphere and acid depositions..........143
V. 5. Local air pollution...........................151
VI. Hydrosphere: Man's impact......................156
VI. 1. Principal features of the hydrosphere................156
VI. 2. Terrestrial waters and man's activity.................162
VI. 2.1. The main functions of terrestrial waters in the ecosphere ... 162
VI. 2.2. Geoecological issues of the water management........164
V 1.2.2.1. Water resources and water security..............164
VI.2.2.2. Control of water supply....................170
VI.2.2.3. Water transfers........................175
VI. 2.2.4. Control of water demand and the supply/demand balance ... 179 VI. 2.3. Geoecological features of the closed (endoreic) areas in the
world..................................183
VI.2.4. Water quality issues.......................189
VI.2.5. Deficit and degradation of fresh water.............204
VI.3. The World Ocean: Man's influence..................205
VI. 3.1. The main geoecological features of oceans and seas......205
VI. 3.2. Man's activity influencing on the state of oceans and seas. . . 209 VI. 3.3. Geoecological problems of coastal zones and the inland seas .217
VII. Geoecological problems in the use of the world's soil and land resources...................................226
VII. I. Principal functions of the pedosphere................226
VII. 2. Man-made soil degradation.....................229
VII. 3. Land resources of the world and their use..............232
VII.4. Geoecological problems of agriculture...............236
VII.4.1. Water and wind erosion of soils................237
VII.4.2. Geoecological consequences of fertilisers application.....241
VII.4.3. Geoecological consequences of pesticides application . . . .244
VII.4.4. Soil compaction........................247
VII.4.5. Geoecological problems of irrigation.............247
VII. 4.6. On geoecological sustainability of agriculture........252
VIII. Lithosph?re: Man's impacts.....................255
VIII. I. Structure of the Earth and lithosph?re...............255
VIII. 2. The large global cycle of the matters: the role of man.......258
VIII. 3. Man-made impacts on harmful exogenous processes........262
IX. Biosphere and landscapes of the world: Man's impacts.......266
IX. 1. Principal features of the biosphere. Its role in the ecosphere .... 266
IX. 2. Biotic control of the ecosphere and its man-made changes.....267
IX. 3. Present-day landscapes of the world.................272
IX.4. Problems of deforestation.......................278
IX. 5. Problems of desertification......................285
IX. 6. Protection of the biological diversity in the world..........292
Part IV. Geoecological issues of natural-technogenic systems . . . 303
X. 1. Natural-technogenic systems.....................303
X.2. Geoecological issues of urbanisation.................305
X.3. Geoecological issues of energy....................313
X.4. Geoecological issues of industry....................318
X.5. Geoecological issues of transport...................324
