Бронхопульмонология - Лукомский Г.И.
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1.2. From roentgenologic signs to diagnosis------ 28
1.2.1. Lobar and segmental opacities............... 28
1.2.1.1. Differential diagnosis of lobar and seg-
mental opacities in central lung cancer and acute pneumonia..............................................49
1.2.1.2. Differential diagnosis of lobar and seg-
mental opacities in central lung cancer and protracted or chronic pneumonia........................ 52
1.2.1.3. Differential diagnosis of lobar and segmental opacities in central lung cancer and
tuberculosis........................................ 52
1.2.1.4. Differential diagnosis of lobar and seg-
mental opacities in central lung cancer and in broncholithiasis or bronchial foreign body.......... 53
1.2.1.5. Differential diagnosis of lobar and segmental opacities in central lung cancer and
endobronchial benign tumors......................... 54
1.2.1.6. Differential diagnosis of lobar and segmental opacities in so-called atelectatic bron-
chiectasia, exudative pleuritis and some other
diseases............................................ 55
1.2.2. Spherical and round shadows................. 55
•1.2.3. TTiin-walled cavities ...................... 79
1.2.3.1. Differential diagnosis of thin-walled
air-filled cavities ................................ 87
1.2.4. Pulmonary disseminations. V. A. Sokolov 95
1.2.5. Changes to the lung pattern................. 115
1.2.5.1. Enhancement of the lung pattern............ 117
1.2.5.1. Attenuation of the lung pattern ........... 122
1.2.6. Widening of the median shadow and
. changes in the lung hili.......................... 129
1.2.6.1. Anterior mediastinum....................... 133
1.2.6.2. Posterior mediastinum...................... 137
1.2.6.3. Central mediastinum........................ 139
1.2.7. “Exudative” pleuritis....................... 149
2. BRONCHOLOGIC METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS ............................................. 160
2.1. Bronchoscopy ............................... 160
2.1.1. Technique of rigid bronchoscopy............. 161
2.1.2. Technique of bronchofiberscopy.............. 168
2.1.2.1. Inspection through bronchofiberscope .. 173
2.1.3. Technique of combined bronchoscopy---------- 177
2.1.4. General bronchoscopic signs................. 178
2.1.5. Chromobronchoscopy.......................... 210
2.1.6. Chromobronchiangiography.
V.V. Utkin........................................ 213
2.1.7. Complications with bronchoscopy ......... 215
2.2. Thoracoscopy ................................ 224
2.2.1. Technique of rigid thoracoscopy.......... 224
2.2.2. Technique of thoracofiberscopy .......... 226
2.2.3. General thoracoscopic signs.............. 227
2.2.4. Complications with thoracoscopy.......... 235
2.3. Biopsy................................... 235
2.3.1. Endobronchial biopsy..................... 236
2.3.1.1. Biopsy to establish diagnosis of lung
cancer............................................ 238
2.3.1.2. Biopsy to determine spread of tumor
process along bronchus ........................... 250
2.3.2. Transcervical biopsy..................... 252
2.3.2.1. Mediastinoscopy.......................... 253
2.3.2.2. Technique of mediastinoscopy............. 254
2.3.2.3. Technique of extended mediastinoscopy. E.I. Altman and I. J a. Motus .............. 259
2.3.2.4. Technique of mediastinopleuroscopy.
E. I. Altman and I. Ja. Motus .................... 266
2.3.2.5. General mediastinoscopic signs........... 268
2.3.2.6. Mediastinoscopy in lung cancer .......... 274
2.3.2.7. Complications with mediastinoscopy ... 278
2.3.3. Transthoracic biopsy..................... 279
2.3.3.1. Needle biopsy............................ 279
2.3.3.2. Open biopsy of lung...................... 281
2.4. Roentgenologic methods of examination____ 282
2.4.1. Tomography............................... 283
2.4.2. Bronchography............................ 286
2.4.3. Angiography and catheterization of bronchial arteries. V. V. Utkin........................ 289
3. ENDOSCOPIC THERAPY............................. 296
3.1. General principles of treatment of patients
with suppurative and obstructive conditions of lungs.............................................. 296
3.1.1. Pharmacotherapy V.G.Kukes ............... 296
3.1.1.1. Control of bacterial infections.......... 297
3.1.1.2. Stimulation of secretion and expectoration 300
3.1.1.3. Control of bronchospasm and bronchial mucosal edema................................ 302
3.1.1.4. Stimulation of immunity and improvement of metabolic processes........................ 303
3.1.2. Correction of circulating blood volume.
М. E. Alekseeva, G. I. Lukomsky................... 305
3.2. Bronchoscopic toilet..................... 311
3.2.1. Methods ................................. 313
